Confianz

Autor: Confianz

  • Por qué todos están hablando de los earn-outs y locked box en M&A

    La frase clave «earn-outs y locked box en M&A» ya no es exclusiva de despachos ni de informes que acumulan polvo en cajones. Hoy, si estás en medio de una transacción —o cerca—, es probable que hayas escuchado estos términos. Lo que antes era una rareza hoy es casi norma. Pero ¿realmente sabemos cómo funcionan? ¿O solo seguimos la corriente por miedo a quedarnos fuera? Aquí va una explicación que no requiere doctorado ni paciencia infinita.

    ¿Qué hay detrás de los earn-outs y locked box en M&A?


    El último estudio europeo de CMS sobre operaciones M&A aporta las claves: se está moviendo más dinero, hay apetito inversor, y se buscan fórmulas que repartan mejor los riesgos. ¿El resultado? Dos estructuras lideran la conversación: los earn-outs y el sistema locked box.

    Empecemos por el earn-out. Es simple, pero poderoso. Su utilidad está en que ayuda a salvar una de las discusiones más tensas en cualquier operación: cuánto vale de verdad lo que se vende. Muchas veces el vendedor cree que su empresa vale más que lo que el comprador está dispuesto a pagar. Y el comprador, con razón, no quiere asumir promesas sin pruebas. El earn-out pone una solución en medio: “te pago una parte ahora y, si la empresa rinde como dices, te pago el resto después”.

    Desde el punto de vista del comprador, además, el earn-out actúa como una red de seguridad. Especialmente útil cuando hay asimetría de información. Por ejemplo, si el negocio está en otro país, no ha publicado nunca sus números, o tiene muchos activos intangibles difíciles de valorar. Si el futuro de la empresa es incierto, este modelo permite ajustar el precio a resultados concretos, no a promesas.

    ¿Otro detalle que suele pasar desapercibido? En muchas operaciones, el earn-out consigue algo clave: retener al equipo. Si hay directivos o fundadores clave en la ecuación, este modelo les da incentivos reales para seguir implicados y lograr que la empresa cumpla los objetivos acordados. No hay mejor forma de alinear intereses que hacer que el vendedor tenga que demostrar que su valoración no era humo.

    No es casual que este modelo esté creciendo tanto en sectores como tecnología, salud y medios. Según CMS, en 2024 ya estuvo presente en el 25 % de las operaciones. Su mayor nivel en la última década.

    Luego está el  locked box, que también tiene lo suyo. Parece una caja fuerte, pero en realidad es una estructura que fija el precio de la operación desde una fecha concreta. “Esto valía el negocio el 31 de enero, y ese es el precio. Sin ajustes ni sorpresas”. Claro, exige confianza, datos sólidos y acuerdos previos muy claros. Pero una vez cerrada, la discusión termina. Y eso no tiene precio en una negociación.

    Este sistema ha ganado fuerza especialmente en Infraestructura, Energía y Real Estate. Según CMS, ya lo usan el 60 % de las operaciones sin ajustes de precio. ¿Por qué? Porque evita sorpresas.

     El equilibrio de poder 


    Durante años, muchos contratos M&A eran un tira y afloja donde el vendedor llevaba la ventaja. Hoy, el comprador llega con más fuerza. Lo vemos en detalles como los plazos de responsabilidad —cada vez más largos— o el auge de los seguros W&I. Es decir, si algo sale mal, lo cubre un seguro. En 2024 estuvieron presentes en una de cada cuatro operaciones. En las grandes, en casi tres de cada cuatro.

    Lo curioso es que incluso cuando hay arbitraje (algo cada vez más frecuente), el 70 % de los casos siguen regidos por normas nacionales. ¿Por qué? Tal vez porque confiar en lo que conoces sigue pesando más que lanzarte a lo desconocido, por más internacional que suene.

    No todo son cláusulas y tecnicismos. La inteligencia artificial empieza a colarse, pero va despacio. El 32 % de las herramientas usadas en M&A ya la incorporan, pero aún no manda. Y los criterios ESG —esos que todos mencionan en Linkedin— aparecen poco: solo el 6 % de los contratos los incluyen. Lo justo para decir que están ahí, pero lejos de ser prioridad.

    ¿Te estás planteando una operación? Contáctanos para poder conversar con nuestros expertos.

  • Why everyone is talking about earn-outs and locked box in M&A

    The key phrase «earn-outs and locked box in M&A» is no longer exclusive to law firms or reports gathering dust in drawers. Today, if you are in the middle of a transaction – or close to it – you are likely to have heard these terms. What was once a rarity is now almost the norm. But do we really know how they work, or do we just go with the flow for fear of being left out? Here’s an explanation that doesn’t require a PhD or infinite patience.

    What is behind earn-outs and locked box in M&A?

    CMS’s latest European study on M&A transactions provides the keys: more money is moving, there is investor appetite, and formulas are being sought to better spread the risks. The result? Two structures are leading the conversation: earn-outs and the locked box system.

    Let’s start with the earn-out. It is simple, but powerful. Its usefulness lies in the fact that it helps to bridge one of the most tense discussions in any transaction: how much what is being sold is really worth. Often the seller believes that his company is worth more than what the buyer is willing to pay. And the buyer, quite rightly, does not want to make promises without proof. The earn-out puts a solution in the middle: «I’ll pay you a part now and, if the company performs as you say it will, I’ll pay you the rest later».

    From the buyer’s point of view, moreover, the earn-out acts as a safety net. This is especially useful when there is information asymmetry. For example, if the business is in another country, has never published its figures, or has many intangible assets that are difficult to value. If the future of the company is uncertain, this model allows the price to be adjusted to concrete results, not promises.

    Another detail that often goes unnoticed? In many operations, the earn-out achieves something key: retaining the team. If there are key managers or founders in the equation, this model gives them real incentives to stay involved and ensure that the company meets the agreed objectives. There is no better way to align interests than to make the seller have to prove that their valuation was not smoke and mirrors.

    It is no coincidence that this model is growing so much in sectors such as technology, healthcare and media. According to CMS, by 2024 it was already present in 25% of operations. Its highest level in the last decade.

    Then there is the  locked box, which also has its own thing. It looks like a safe, but it is actually a structure that fixes the price of the transaction from a specific date. «This was worth the business on 31 January, and that’s the price. No adjustments, no surprises. Sure, it requires trust, solid data and very clear prior agreements. But once closed, the discussion is over. And that is priceless in a negotiation.

    This system has gained momentum especially in Infrastructure, Energy and Real Estate. According to CMS, it is already used in 60% of transactions without price adjustments. Why? Because it avoids surprises.

    The balance of power 

    For years, many M&A deals were a tug-of-war where the seller had the upper hand. Today, the buyer comes in stronger. We see this in details such as liability periods, which are getting longer and longer, and the rise of W&I insurance. In other words, if something goes wrong, it is covered by insurance. In 2024, they were present in one out of every four operations. In the large ones, in almost three out of four.

    The curious thing is that even when there is arbitration (which is becoming increasingly common), 70% of cases are still governed by national rules. Why is that? Perhaps because relying on what you know still outweighs taking the plunge into the unknown, no matter how international it may sound.

    It is not all clauses and technicalities. Artificial intelligence is starting to creep in, but slowly. Thirty-two per cent of the tools used in M&A already incorporate it, but it is not yet in charge. And ESG criteria – the ones that everyone mentions on LinkedIn – are rarely mentioned: only 6% of contracts include them. Just enough to say that they are there, but far from being a priority.

    Are you considering an operation? Contact us to talk to our experts.

  • Cómo asegurar la supervivencia de la empresa familiar en 2025

    La empresa familiar en España sostiene el 92% del tejido empresarial​. Pero en 2025, sobrevivir exige mucho más que resistir. No basta con esfuerzo y tradición. Cambiar se convierte en cuestión de vida o muerte.La supervivencia de la empresa familiar hoy no es un tema de fe, sino de estrategia. Y quien lo entiende a tiempo, gana.

    La empresa familiar necesita músculo para sobrevivir


    Hoy, sobrevivir significa crecer. No es un deseo, es una obligación. Las empresas familiares siguen siendo más pequeñas, menos internacionales y menos tecnológicas​. Este triple hándicap las hace vulnerables.


    El dato es claro: el 94,5% de las microempresas son familiares, pero solo el 1% de las grandes empresas lo son​. Eso no es casualidad. Es un síntoma de que el tamaño importa. Mucho.


    Las pequeñas empresas familiares sienten que su esencia está en su tamaño humano. Y es verdad. Pero esa esencia no puede ser excusa para no expandirse, para no profesionalizar su gestión o para no internacionalizar su actividad.


    ¿Sabías que las empresas familiares que logran crecer también son más rentables que las no familiares?​El crecimiento no solo protege: multiplica el valor. Sin embargo, para llegar ahí hay que tomar decisiones incómodas: abrirse a socios externos, apostar por mercados nuevos, invertir en tecnología cuando todavía no se ve el retorno.


    En Confianz analizamos, proponemos planes realistas y ejecutamos. Sabemos que cada familia y cada empresa es única. Y por eso cada estrategia también lo es.

    El relevo generacional 


    ¿Quién dirigirá tu empresa dentro de diez años? Esta pregunta aterra a muchos empresarios familiares. Y no es para menos. Solo una de cada tres empresas familiares supera el primer relevo generacional​.


    Muchos piensan que basta con dejar la empresa «en casa». Pero el apellido no garantiza el liderazgo.


    La nueva generación no solo necesita conocer la empresa: necesita formación, habilidades directivas, pensamiento estratégico y visión digital. No preparar al sucesor es como lanzar una moneda al aire con la empresa en juego.


    Además, el relevo debe gestionarse en dos dimensiones: la empresa y la familia. Separar claramente los intereses familiares de los empresariales es vital. Protocolos familiares, órganos de gobierno bien definidos y reglas claras son la base.


    Acompañamos a nuestros clientes en sus procesos de sucesión desde una perspectiva 360º. No se trata solo de traspasar la propiedad, sino de garantizar que el relevo refuerza el proyecto. Que no haya herencias pesadas ni conflictos abiertos. El objetivo no es pasar el testigo: es preparar el camino.

     

    Sin innovación, la empresa familiar desaparece en 10 años


    La innovación no es un lujo. Es una cuestión de supervivencia pura.


    El informe “Relevancia y Supervivencia de la Empresa Familiar” revela que solo el 4,5% de las empresas familiares están presentes en sectores intensivos en tecnología​. Eso significa estar fuera de las grandes oportunidades actuales y del futuro.


    Y no hablamos solo de desarrollar nuevos productos. Hablamos de transformar procesos internos, adoptar herramientas digitales, utilizar inteligencia artificial, gestionar datos de clientes en tiempo real, automatizar tareas repetitivas.


    La digitalización ya no es una opción secundaria. Es el corazón de cualquier estrategia de crecimiento. Las empresas familiares que han apostado por integrar tecnología muestran mayores tasas de rentabilidad y resiliencia​.


    Eso sí, transformar una empresa familiar no se hace de un día para otro. Implica vencer resistencias internas, formar a los equipos, redefinir roles, invertir a largo plazo.


    En 2025, no sobrevive quien más tiempo lleva abierto. Sobrevive quien sabe leer los cambios y actuar rápido.
    La empresa familiar ha demostrado ser más longeva que las no familiares​. Pero esa ventaja histórica no servirá si no se actualiza.

    ¿Tienes dudas sobre cómo asegurar el futuro de tu empresa? Es normal. Lo importante es no quedarse quieto. Si quieres empezar a construir un futuro más sólido para tu familia y tu empresa, hablemos. Estamos aquí para acompañarte.

  • How to ensure the survival of the family business in 2025

    Family businesses in Spain support 92% of the business network. But in 2025, survival will require much more than just endurance. Effort and tradition are not enough. Change is becoming a matter of life and death: the survival of the family business today is not a matter of faith, but of strategy. And whoever understands this in time, wins.

    Family businesses need muscle to survive

    Today, surviving means growing up. It is not a desire, it is an obligation. Family businesses are still smaller, less international and less technological. This triple handicap makes them vulnerable.

    The fact is clear: 94.5% of microenterprises are family-owned, but only 1% of large companies are family-owned. This is no coincidence. It is a symptom that size matters. A lot.

    Small family businesses feel that their essence lies in their human size. And that is true. But that essence cannot be an excuse for not expanding, for not professionalising their management or for not internationalising their activity.

    Did you know that family businesses that manage to grow are also more profitable than non-family businesses? Growth not only protects: it multiplies value. However, to get there you have to make uncomfortable decisions: opening up to external partners, betting on new markets, investing in technology when you can’t yet see the return.

    At Confianz we analyse, propose realistic plans and execute. We know that every family and every company is unique. And that is why each strategy is unique too.

    The generational handover 

    Who will be running your company in ten years’ time? This question terrifies many family entrepreneurs. And no wonder. Only one in three family businesses makes it through the first generation.

    Many think that it is enough to leave the company «at home». But the family name does not guarantee leadership.

    The new generation not only needs to know the company: they need training, management skills, strategic thinking and digital vision. Not preparing the successor is like flipping a coin with the company at stake.

    Moreover, the handover must be managed in two dimensions: business and family. Clearly separating family interests from business interests is vital. Family protocols, well-defined governing bodies and clear rules are the basis.

    We support our clients in their succession processes from a 360º perspective. It is not just a matter of transferring ownership, but of ensuring that the succession strengthens the project. That there are no heavy inheritances or open conflicts. The aim is not to pass the baton: it is to pave the way.

    Without innovation, the family business disappears within 10 years

    Innovation is not a luxury. It is a matter of pure survival.

    The report «Relevance and Survival of Family Businesses» reveals that only 4.5% of family businesses are present in technology-intensive sectors. That means being left out of the great opportunities of today and the future.

    And we are not just talking about developing new products. We are talking about transforming internal processes, adopting digital tools, using artificial intelligence, managing customer data in real time, automating repetitive tasks.

    Digitalisation is no longer an afterthought. It is at the heart of any growth strategy. Family businesses that have chosen to integrate technology show higher rates of profitability and resilience.

    Of course, transforming a family business does not happen overnight. It involves overcoming internal resistance, training teams, redefining roles and investing for the long term.


    In 2025, it is not the one who has been open the longest that survives. Those who know how to read change and act fast will survive.
    Family businesses have proven to be longer-lived than non-family businesses. But this historical advantage will not work if it is not updated.

    Do you have doubts about how to secure the future of your company? That’s normal. The important thing is not to stand still. If you want to start building a stronger future for your family and your business, let’s talk. We’re here to help.

  • How TEAC rulings in 2024 affect your holding company

    The TEAC rulings in 2024 on holding companies have shattered the peace of mind of many firms. Have you restructured your group in recent years? This affects you. It doesn’t matter if the operation was clean, with economic motives and serious advice. It doesn’t matter if you had a binding report from the DGT. Because now the Inspectorate is re-reading the FEAC regime with a magnifying glass and changing criteria. And yes, we are talking about direct tax consequences. There is no room for mistakes here. Nor is there room for complacency. We tell you what is happening. And how to prepare.

    TEAC changes

    They didn’t say it in those words. But that is what is happening. The TEAC rulings in 2024 on holding companies introduce a twist: it is no longer enough to formally comply with the requirements of the special tax regime. Now substance is required. Business justification. Translated: if your operation has no real economic logic, you may be left without tax deferral.

    The linchpin of it all? Article 89.2 of the LIS. The TEAC has put it at the centre. It says that if the main purpose of a restructuring is fiscal, the regime does not apply. Even if you comply with everything else.

    Second point: economic motives. They cannot be generic. They have to be clear, precise, real. The simple search for tax efficiency is no longer valid. The holding company must have its own activity or a specific role in the group…

    Third change: deferred taxation is no longer granted automatically. It can now be applied progressively. What does this mean? That if, years later, dividends are distributed or shares are sold and the tax authorities smell abuse, they can regularise. A posteriori. Even if the operation was «clean» at the beginning. This is new. And disturbing.

    Inspection is on its own

    The problem does not end with what the TEAC says. It starts with how the Inspectorate interprets it. And what we are seeing is not reassuring. In 2024, several files show that this criterion is being applied in an expansive manner. Very expansive. Even when there are favourable opinions from the Directorate General for Taxation. The Inspectorate ignores them. It considers that if the operation lacks valid reasons, it can regularise anyway. This is a sharp turn of events. And it creates legal uncertainty.

    But there is more. The four-year tax statute of limitations seems to be blurring. In some cases, it is intended to review operations from a decade ago if there are recent dividends. They justify this by saying that the «abusive effect» is materialising now. In other words, the abuse is not in the initial transaction, but in what you do with it afterwards. That, for many advisors, is playing with the rear-view mirror. The result? Companies reviewed for operations closed years ago. And with no margin to defend themselves.

    Moreover, real operations are being questioned. With substance. With logic. With structure. But which, in the inspector’s opinion, have «the smell of taxation». This subjective criterion is being used as a basis for liquidations. And it is dangerous. Because it makes any business decision potentially suspect.

    What you can do if you have a holding

    First, don’t panic. But don’t ignore this either. If you have a holding company within a group, you need to act. Review. Document. Justify. Because even if the operation is years old, what you do now may be the trigger for a future inspection.

    Step one: identify the restructurings made under the FEAC regime.

     Step two: analyse the economic reasons that justified them.

     Step three: check whether the holding company has real activity. Personnel. Functions. If not, it is time to strengthen its role. Or rethink the structure.

    Step four: prepare clear documentation. Not just minutes or deeds. Business plans. Forecasts. Internal justifications. And keep everything. Because the TEAC has already made it clear that what matters is not what you signed, but what you did and why.

    We at Confianz help many companies to resolve this type of situation. We know how to talk to the administration. How to defend operations if the time comes. And, above all, how to restructure with real business logic. Because the FEAC regime is still useful. But now it requires more rigour. More analysis. More head.

    And no, this is not a fiscal fad of the moment. It is a paradigm shift. The TEAC rulings in 2024 on holding companies mark a before and after. Ignoring it is not an option. Prevention is your best defence.

    These resolutions do not prohibit restructuring. Nor do they prohibit the use of holding companies. But they do force you to justify everything more clearly. With more economic sense. With more documentary support. Don’t improvise. Don’t copy other people’s structures. Don’t think that everything has been done because it worked years ago. The context has changed. And so has the Inspectorate.

    Shall we review your structure together?

  • What is an indemnity in M&A and how does it protect you?

    In any sale and purchase of a company, there is one element that can save the parties from a million-dollar problem: indemnity in M&A. Sound familiar? It’s time to get it right.

    What exactly does an indemnity cover in M&A?

    Imagine this: you are about to close a deal. You have done your due diligence, but you see a possible tax lawsuit. It hasn’t materialised yet, but alarm bells are ringing. In that scenario, an indemnity clause is not a suggestion: it’s your bulletproof vest. It obligates the seller to bear the cost if that problem is triggered after closing. Without it, that potential lawsuit can become your nightmare, legally and financially.

    Indemnities apply to known risks. We are not talking about vague promises like warranties, but precise guarantees: if X happens, you pay.

    Typical examples:

    • Ongoing litigation
    • Fines for tax inspections in process
    • Outstanding labour debts

    The key is to put it in writing. Because if you know it and you don’t agree to it, you won’t be able to claim. It’s that simple. It’s that dangerous.

    Indemnities vs Civil Code

    This is where the second level of the game comes in: the Civil Code. Article 1484 states that the seller is liable for hidden defects. But beware: if the buyer knows about them, there is no longer any liability. In the M&A world, this is not always the case. That is why sandbagging clauses exist. What do they do? They allow you to claim even if you were already aware of the problem, as long as the seller has concealed it or lied about it in his statements.

    But is that legal in Spain? It depends. Some courts validate them on the grounds of contractual autonomy. Others do not, considering them contrary to mandatory rules. What is clear is this: if you don’t talk about it and don’t agree to it, you lose. This is why it is often decided to directly exclude the application of the Civil Code. But this is not a minor decision. Because in doing so, it also removes its protections. It can be a double-edged sword.

    At Confianz we evaluate each case. It’s not about filling a contract with meaningless clauses. It’s about designing an agreement that works, that holds up and that defends you. We also help to set clear limits: what risks are covered, for how long, with what economic ceiling and under what conditions. Because a poorly negotiated indemnity can be a dead letter.

    How we approach it at Confianz

    At Confianz we do not use templates. Each operation has its own edges, risks and urgencies. And indemnities are too important to improvise. Our approach:

    • We take a closer look at due diligence
    • We detect real risks, not assumed risks
    • We design clauses that make both legal and practical sense.
    • We negotiate without fear and with substance

    We know that a badly drafted clause can cost millions. And we also know that negotiations are often avoided so as not to «strain» the relationship. We say the opposite: you have to tighten it where it is needed, so that it does not break later. Moreover, we help to filter out what is reasonable. Because not everything should be covered by indemnity. They can be limited to clear cases: malice, blatant errors or known but unresolved facts. This protects the buyer, without suffocating the seller.

    That is why we say that indemnities are not small print. They are the heart of the contract. And if they are badly done, there is no turning back.

    An indemnity in M&A is not just a legal formality. It is your life insurance in a complex transaction. It may sound like a technicality, but it is not. If you are in the middle of an M&A transaction or about to enter into one, don’t jump in without it in place. A clear indemnity can save you years of litigation and headaches.

    At Confianz, we have been fine-tuning these clauses for years. Not with theory, but with practice. Real cases. Real people. Real risks. Are you buying or selling a company? Let’s talk.

  • Qué es una indemnity en M&A y cómo te protege

    En cualquier compraventa de empresa, hay un elemento que puede salvar a las partes de un problema millonario: la indemnity en M&A. ¿Te suena? Es hora de entenderlo bien.

    ¿Qué cubre exactamente una indemnity en M&A?

    Imagina esto: estás a punto de cerrar una operación. Has hecho la due diligence, pero ves un posible pleito fiscal. Aún no se ha concretado, pero te saltan las alarmas. En ese escenario, una cláusula de indemnity no es una sugerencia: es tu chaleco antibalas. Obliga al vendedor a asumir el coste si ese problema se activa después del cierre. Sin ella, ese pleito potencial puede volverse tu pesadilla, legal y económica.

    Las indemnities se aplican a riesgos conocidos. No hablamos de promesas vagas como las warranties, sino de garantías precisas: si ocurre X, tú pagas.

    Ejemplos típicos:

    • Litigios en curso 
    • Multas por inspecciones fiscales en proceso 
    • Deudas laborales pendientes 

    La clave está en dejarlo por escrito. Porque si lo sabes y no lo pactas, no podrás reclamar. Así de sencillo. Así de peligroso.

    Indemnities vs Código Civil

    Aquí entra el segundo nivel del juego: el Código Civil. Su artículo 1484 dice que el vendedor responde por vicios ocultos. Pero ojo: si el comprador los conoce, ya no hay responsabilidad. En el mundo M&A, eso no siempre cuadra. Por eso existen las cláusulas sandbagging. ¿Qué hacen? Permiten reclamar aunque ya conocieras el problema, siempre que el vendedor lo haya ocultado o mentido en sus manifestaciones.

    Ahora bien, ¿es eso legal en España? Depende. Algunos tribunales las validan por autonomía contractual. Otros no, por considerarlas contrarias a normas imperativas. Lo que sí es claro es esto: si no lo hablas y no lo pactas, pierdes. Por eso muchas veces se decide excluir directamente la aplicación del Código Civil. Pero esto no es una decisión menor. Porque al hacerlo, también se eliminan sus protecciones. Puede ser un arma de doble filo.

    En Confianz evaluamos cada caso. No se trata de llenar un contrato de cláusulas sin sentido. Se trata de diseñar un acuerdo que funcione, que aguante y que te defienda. También ayudamos a fijar límites claros: qué riesgos se cubren, cuánto tiempo, con qué tope económico y bajo qué condiciones. Porque una indemnity mal negociada puede ser papel mojado.

    Cómo lo enfocamos en Confianz

    En Confianz no usamos plantillas. Cada operación tiene sus propias aristas, riesgos y urgencias. Y las indemnities son demasiado importantes para improvisar. Nuestro enfoque:

    • Analizamos la due diligence con lupa 
    • Detectamos riesgos reales, no supuestos 
    • Diseñamos cláusulas que tengan sentido jurídico y práctico 
    • Negociamos sin miedo y con fundamento 

    Sabemos que una cláusula mal redactada puede costar millones. Y también que, muchas veces, se evita negociar por no “tensar” la relación. Nosotros decimos lo contrario: hay que tensarla donde toca, para que no se rompa después. Además, ayudamos a filtrar lo razonable. Porque no todo debe ser cubierto por indemnity. Se pueden limitar a casos claros: dolo, errores flagrantes o hechos conocidos pero no resueltos. Esto protege al comprador, sin asfixiar al vendedor.

    Por eso decimos que las indemnities no son letra pequeña. Son el corazón del contrato. Y si están mal hechas, no hay vuelta atrás.


    Una indemnity en M&A no es solo una formalidad legal. Es tu seguro de vida en una operación compleja. Puede parecer un tecnicismo, pero no lo es. Si estás en medio de una operación de compraventa o a punto de entrar en una, no te lances sin esto bien atado. Una indemnity clara puede evitarte años de litigios y dolores de cabeza.

    En Confianz, llevamos años afinando estas cláusulas. No con teoría, sino con práctica. Casos reales. Gente real. Riesgos reales. ¿Estás comprando o vendiendo una empresa? Hablemos.

  • Complete step-by-step guide to the process of selling a company

    Deciding to sell a business involves a series of complex steps and strategic decisions. At Confianz we bring a meticulous and well-planned approach to ensure a successful transaction and maximise the value obtained. We have created a detailed guide to each stage of the process of selling a business, providing a clear and practical overview for entrepreneurs looking to start down this path.

    1. Reflect on your motivations and goals

    Before starting the sale process, we need to check the reasons behind the decision: are you looking to retire, diversify investments, face financial challenges or simply create new opportunities? Clarifying your motivations will allow you to set clear and realistic objectives, facilitating decision making throughout the process.

    2. Evaluate and improve the structure of your company

    A well-organised and professionalised company is more attractive to potential buyers. It is essential to review and, if necessary, improve aspects such as:

    • Accounting and finance: Ensure that financial statements are up to date, audited and accurately reflect the economic health of the company.
    • Legal aspects: Check that all contracts, licences and permits are in order and transferable.
    • Internal operations: Optimises processes and documents procedures to demonstrate operational efficiency.

    This preparation not only facilitates the sales process, but can also increase the perceived value of the company.

    3. Make an objective assesment of the company

    Determine the true value of your business and establish an appropriate selling price. Consider hiring business valuation experts who use recognised methods, such as discounted cash flow analysis or market comparables. An accurate valuation provides a solid basis for negotiations and helps justify the price to potential buyers.

    4. Prepare an attractive  presentation for buyers

    Develop an information dossier that highlights the most attractive aspects of your company:

    • Executive summary: Overview of the company, its history and vision.
    • Key financial data: Revenues, profits, margins and future projections.
    • Competitive advantages: Factors that differentiate your company in the market.
    • Growth opportunities: Potential areas for expansion or improvement.

    This presentation should be clear, concise and focused on highlighting the value and potential of the company.

    5. Identify and qualify potential buyers

    Finding and selecting the right buyer is a critical and essential step. Consider aspects such as financial capacity, sector expertise and strategic alignment. Using specialised intermediaries or M&A advisors such as Confianz can facilitate this process, ensuring that the right audience is reached and negotiations are handled professionally.

    6. Signing of confidentiality agreements (NDA)

    Before sharing sensitive information, it is necessary to protect the confidentiality of the company. Request interested buyers to sign a Confidentiality Agreement (NDA) to ensure that the shared information is not used inappropriately or disclosed to third parties.

    7. Negotiation and Letter of Intent (LOI)

    Once a serious buyer has been identified, the key terms of the transaction are negotiated. This culminates in the signing of a Letter of Intent (LOI), which sets out the preliminary agreed terms, such as purchase price, payment structure and specific conditions. Although not always binding, the LOI serves as the basis for the final contract.

    8. Due Diligence

    The due diligence process allows the buyer to examine in depth all aspects of the company: financial, legal, operational and commercial. It is essential to be prepared for this scrutiny, as any discrepancies or issues identified can affect negotiations or the sale price. Well-managed due diligence facilitates a smoother transition and builds buyer confidence.

     

     

    9. Drawing up and signing the contract of sale

    Based on the agreed terms and the results of the due diligence, the final sale and purchase agreement is drawn up. This document will detail all the terms of the transaction, including warranties, indemnities and any specific clauses agreed. It is advisable to take specialist legal advice to ensure that the contract protects your interests and complies with all applicable regulations.

    10. Closing of the transaction and transition

    Once the contract is signed, the sale is formally closed, including the transfer of funds and the transfer of assets and liabilities. It is important to plan for an orderly transition, providing support to the new owner for an agreed period to ensure business continuity and maintain positive relationships with employees, customers and suppliers.

    Selling a business is a multi-faceted process that requires careful planning, preparation and execution. Each step is crucial to ensuring a successful transaction and obtaining maximum value. Having the support of experienced professionals like those at Confianz can make all the difference in this journey, providing the expertise and knowledge needed to navigate the complexities of selling a business. If you are considering selling your business and are looking for expert financial, tax and legal advice to accompany you at every stage, please do not hesitate to contact us.

  • Guía completa para el proceso de venta de una empresa paso a paso

    Decidir vender una empresa conlleva una serie de pasos complejos y decisiones estratégicas. En Confianz aportamos un enfoque meticuloso y bien planificado para garantizar una transacción exitosa y maximizar el valor obtenido. Hemos creado una guía detallada de cada fase del proceso de venta de una empresa, proporcionando una visión clara y práctica para los empresarios que buscan iniciar en este camino.

     

    1. Reflexiona sobre tus motivaciones y objetivos

    Antes de iniciar el proceso de venta, debemos comprobar las razones detrás de esta decisión. ¿Buscas retirarte, diversificar inversiones, enfrentar desafíos financieros o simplemente crear nuevas oportunidades? Clarificar tus motivaciones te permitirá establecer objetivos claros y realistas, facilitando la toma de decisiones durante todo el proceso.

     

    2. Evalúa y mejora la estructura de tu empresa

    Una empresa bien organizada y profesionalizada es más atractiva para los compradores potenciales. Es fundamental revisar y, si es necesario, mejorar aspectos como:

    • Contabilidad y finanzas: Asegúrate de que los estados financieros estén actualizados, auditados y reflejen con precisión la salud económica de la empresa.​ 
    • Aspectos legales: Verifica que todos los contratos, licencias y permisos estén en orden y sean transferibles.​ 
    • Operaciones internas: Optimiza procesos y documenta procedimientos para demostrar eficiencia operativa.​ 

    Esta preparación no solo facilita el proceso de venta, sino que también puede incrementar el valor percibido de la empresa.​

     

    3. Realiza una valoración objetiva de la empresa

    Determinar el valor real de tu empresa y establecer un precio de venta adecuado. Considera contratar a expertos en valoración empresarial que utilicen métodos reconocidos, como el análisis de flujos de caja descontados o comparables de mercado. Una valoración precisa proporciona una base sólida para las negociaciones y ayuda a justificar el precio ante los compradores potenciales.​

     

    4. Prepara una presentación atractiva para compradores

    Desarrolla un dossier informativo que destaque los aspectos más atractivos de tu empresa:

    • Resumen ejecutivo: Descripción general de la empresa, su historia y visión.​ 
    • Datos financieros clave: Ingresos, beneficios, márgenes y proyecciones futuras.​ 
    • Ventajas competitivas: Factores que diferencian a tu empresa en el mercado.​ 
    • Oportunidades de crecimiento: Áreas potenciales para expansión o mejora. 

    Esta presentación debe ser clara, concisa y enfocada en resaltar el valor y el potencial de la empresa.​

     

    5. Identifica y califica a compradores potenciales

    Buscar y seleccionar al comprador adecuado es un paso crítico e imprescindible. Considera aspectos como la capacidad financiera, la experiencia en el sector y la alineación estratégica. Utilizar intermediarios especializados o asesores de fusiones y adquisiciones como Confianz puede facilitar este proceso, asegurando que se llegue a una audiencia adecuada y que las negociaciones se manejen de manera profesional.​

     

    6. Firma de acuerdos de confidencialidad (NDA)

    Antes de compartir información sensible, es necesario proteger la confidencialidad de la empresa. Solicita a los compradores interesados que firmen un Acuerdo de Confidencialidad (NDA) para garantizar que la información compartida no se utilice de manera inapropiada o se divulgue a terceros.​

     

    7. Negociación y carta de intenciones (LOI)

    Una vez identificado un comprador serio, se procede a la negociación de términos clave de la transacción. Esto culmina en la firma de una Carta de Intenciones (LOI), que establece los términos preliminares acordados, como el precio de compra, estructura de pago y condiciones específicas. Aunque no siempre es vinculante, la LOI sirve como base para la elaboración del contrato definitivo.​

     

    8. Due Diligence

    El proceso de due diligence permite al comprador examinar en profundidad todos los aspectos de la empresa: financieros, legales, operativos y comerciales. Es fundamental estar preparado para este escrutinio, ya que cualquier discrepancia o problema identificado puede afectar las negociaciones o el precio de venta. Una due diligence bien gestionada facilita una transición más fluida y genera confianza en el comprador.

     

     

    9. Elaboración y firma del contrato de compraventa

    Basándose en los términos acordados y en los resultados de la due diligence, se redacta el contrato definitivo de compraventa. Este documento detallará todas las condiciones de la transacción, incluyendo garantías, indemnizaciones y cualquier cláusula específica acordada. Es recomendable contar con asesoría legal especializada para asegurar que el contrato proteja tus intereses y cumpla con todas las normativas aplicables.​

     

    10. Cierre de la transacción y transición

    Una vez firmado el contrato, se procede al cierre formal de la venta, que incluye la transferencia de fondos y la cesión de activos y responsabilidades. Es importante planificar una transición ordenada, ofreciendo soporte al nuevo propietario durante un período acordado para garantizar la continuidad del negocio y mantener relaciones positivas con empleados, clientes y proveedores.​


    Vender una empresa es un proceso multifacético que requiere planificación, preparación y ejecución cuidadosa. Cada paso es crucial para asegurar una transacción exitosa y obtener el máximo valor. Contar con el apoyo de profesionales experimentados como los de Confianz, puede marcar la diferencia en este viaje, proporcionando la experiencia y el conocimiento necesarios para navegar por las complejidades de la venta de una empresa. Si estás considerando vender tu empresa y buscas un asesoramiento experto económico, fiscal y legal,  que te acompañe en cada etapa, no dudes en contactar con nosotros.​

     

  • Confianz recognised by Legal 500 and Chambers Europe 2025

    Confianz has been recognised by Legal 500 and Chambers Europe

    In its 2025 edition, Legal 500 has included Confianz in its directory for the first time, recognising our Commercial, Corporate and M&A practice. In turn, Chambers Europe has renewed its confidence in the firm and in Manuel Urrutia Subinas, who is once again listed as a leading individual lawyer. Two international endorsements that consolidate our position as a leading firm for complex corporate transactions and strategic advice.

    Inclusion in the Legal 500 highlights Confianz’s distinctive approach: a global view of transactions, from a legal, economic and financial perspective. The directory highlights our ability to lead corporate reorganisations and M&A processes in key sectors such as automotive, agri-food, healthcare, technology, industrial and FMCG, especially for medium-sized and family-owned companies.

    Feedback from the board of directors particularly values the firm’s operational structure. Unlike more fragmented models, at Confianz one partner leads each matter, under an overall coordination, facilitating agile decisions and personalised support. Manuel Urrutia is mentioned for his technical mastery, coordination and leadership skills in complex transactions.

    Chambers Europe 2025

    For its part, Chambers Europe has once again positioned Confianz among the leading firms on the Spanish legal scene, highlighting the sustained growth of our team and its role in strategic transactions. Manuel Urrutia’s continued presence in this ranking reinforces his profile as a benchmark for SMEs and multinational groups.

    Beyond the awards, the value of Confianz lies in the way it practices law: overview, personal commitment and practical solutions. Our clients are not only looking for legal advice, but also for support at decisive moments. This has been our priority in every recent transaction.

    This integrated approach, combining law, legal and financial acumen, has been a key factor in gaining the confidence of the market and international boards.